Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)

Aromatic Herb with Traditional Uses

Common Names: Pennyroyal, European Pennyroyal, Pudding Grass, Run-by-the-Ground
Family: Lamiaceae
Origin: Europe and North Africa

Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) is a low-growing, aromatic herb known for its strong minty fragrance and long history of use in traditional medicine and as a natural insect repellent. This perennial herb, related to mint, produces small, purple flowers and has creeping stems that spread easily, making it an excellent ground cover in the garden. Historically, Pennyroyal has been used in teas and folk remedies to alleviate a variety of ailments, although modern use should be approached with caution due to the plant's toxic properties in large quantities. It is also commonly planted for its ability to repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas.

Distinctive Features, Uses, and Traditional Value

Foliage: Pennyroyal has small, oval, gray-green leaves that emit a strong minty aroma when crushed. The leaves grow densely along creeping stems, which root easily, allowing the plant to spread quickly.

Flowers: The plant produces clusters of small, tubular, purple or lavender flowers in late summer, which attract pollinators like bees and butterflies.

Growth Habit: Pennyroyal is a low-growing, creeping herb that typically reaches 6-12 inches in height, making it a good choice for ground cover or filling in gaps between stepping stones.

Medicinal and Traditional Uses

Pennyroyal has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat digestive issues, headaches, and colds, and as an abortifacient. However, due to its potentially toxic properties, especially its oil, modern internal use is discouraged without medical supervision. In folk remedies, Pennyroyal has also been used to repel insects, and it is still commonly grown for this purpose. Its leaves can be dried and used in sachets to deter fleas, mosquitoes, and other pests from homes and gardens.